Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) are basically the science of vehicular and indoor environmental comfort. Its aim is to give acceptable indoor air quality and optimal thermal comfort. With the development of various HVAC technologies, the quality of the indoor environment has improved tremendously. This has made HVAC equipment an important component of any building or establishment.

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The major components of HVAC air air conditioners (heaters are also known as heat pumps), refrigerators, condensing systems, heating coils, etc. Air-conditioning and heating are different systems. While heating uses heat produced by the furnaces, cooling uses the heat derived from the refrigerators and radiators. While ventilation system mainly depends on outside air and collects dust particles, air-conditioning utilizes moist humidifiers to dry the indoor air. With advancements in technology, HVAC equipment has developed into a variety of equipment.

Some common types include central heating, radiant heating, and heat pump heating. Most often, HVAC systems are used for heating and cooling residential and commercial spaces. In offices, HVAC is frequently used in dishwashers, water heaters, freezers, washing machines, and humidifiers. In homes, HVAC is used for cooling and heating living spaces such as houses, apartments, and small offices. Through research and studies, experts have identified certain key factors that contribute to the poor indoor air quality in most buildings.